While waking up all night can exhaust you both mentally and physically, an interesting study claims that it can lift your mood for days.

In a new study, neurobiologists at Northwestern University in the US induced mild, acute sleep deprivation in an experimental model and then examined their behaviours and brain activity.

Not only did dopamine release increase during the acute sleep loss period, synaptic plasticity also was enhanced -- literally rewiring the brain to maintain the bubbly mood for the next few days.

The new findings, published online in the journal Neuron, could help researchers better understand how mood states transition naturally.

It also could lead to a more complete understanding of how fast-acting antidepressants (like ketamine) work and help researchers identify previously unknown targets for new antidepressant medications.

"Chronic sleep loss is well studied, and its uniformly detrimental effects are widely documented," said Professor Yevgenia Kozorovitskiy at the varsity.

"But brief sleep loss -- like the equivalent of a student pulling an all-nighter before an exam -- is less understood.

"We found that sleep loss induces a potent antidepressant effect and rewires the brain. This is an important reminder of how our casual activities, such as a sleepless night, can fundamentally alter the brain in as little as a few hours," Kozorovitskiy added.

In the research, the team developed a new experiment to induce acute sleep loss in an experimental model that did not have genetic predispositions related to human mood disorders.

The experimental setup needed to be gentle enough to avoid causing substantial stress for the experimental models but just uncomfortable enough to prevent the experimental models from falling asleep.

After a sleepless night, the experimental models' behaviour shifted to become more aggressive, hyperactive and hypersexual, compared to controls that experienced a typical night's sleep.

Using optical and genetically encoded tools, the researchers measured the activity of dopamine neurons, which are responsible for the brain's reward response. They found activity was higher in experimental models during the brief sleep loss period.

While researchers do not fully understand why sleep loss causes this effect in the brain, Kozorovitskiy suspects evolution is at play.

Kozorovitskiy also cautions people not to start pulling all-nighters in order to brighten a blue mood.

"The antidepressant effect is transient, and we know the importance of a good night's sleep," she said.

"I would say you are better off hitting the gym or going for a nice walk. This new knowledge is more important when it comes to matching a person with the right antidepressant."