Li D, et al. - In this case-control study, researchers investigated the impact of vitamin C or E consumption on the link between meat-derived mutagen exposure and pancreatic cancer risk. They examined patients with pathologically confirmed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC, n=1,321) and healthy controls (n=1,061, aged 28–88 years). All participants were frequency-matched by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Findings revealed a link between consumption of well-done grilled or barbecued chicken and PDAC risk. A 38% increased risk of PDAC was noted in the subjects in the highest vs the lowest quintile of 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (PhIP) consumption. Consumption of total vitamin C or E from food and supplements or from supplements alone were each inversely linked to PDAC risk. The risk of PhIP-related PDAC was attenuated by high consumption of dietary vitamin C or E—a finding consistent with experimental evidence.