Chandrashekar A, et al. – The acute and chronic effects of thrombus on the vein wall were assessed in this study. Findings suggested increased wall thickness in all lower limb venous segments of patients with the acute and post–thrombotic disease. According to the equivalence of ipsilateral and unaffected control segments, acute vein wall remodeling was mediated through direct interaction with the thrombus. On the other hand, remodeling in PTS patients could be affected by other factors.