Cui X, et al. - In a cross-sectional study involving Chinese vegetarians and matched omnivores, researchers investigated the associations of vegetarian diets with fasting insulin (FI) and insulin sensitivity, as well as the impact of body mass index (BMI) on these associations. Participants included 279 vegetarians (73 vegans, 206 lacto-ovo-vegetarians) and 279 age- and sex-matched omnivores who underwent testing for fasting blood glucose (FG) and FI concentrations, β-cell function (HOMA-β), and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Using multiple-linear regression, the links were assessed after adjusting for confounders, including BMI, visceral fat area, physical activity, sedentary time, income, alcohol consumption, and daily dietary intakes of macronutrients. Findings revealed a negative association of vegetarian diet, especially vegan diet, with FI and insulin resistance index, independent of BMI.