Ku BM, Kim Y, Lee KY, et al. - This study was performed among patients suffering from advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) managed with PD‐1 blockade, to not only assess the predictive and prognostic impacts of the presence of several immune cells in pretreatment tissue samples but also to ascertain determinants related to response. Significantly higher PD‐L1 expression was exhibited by patients with durable clinical benefit (DCB). A significantly higher ratio of tumor/stroma region of T cell, B cell, and macrophage was detected in patients with DCB. In the low PD‐L1 expression (< 50%) group, there was a link of high intratumoral T and B cell density (≥ median) with DCB. According to Chi‐square test, there was a significant association of hyperprogressive disease with intratumoral B cell density but not with T cell or macrophage density. Findings revealed that infiltrating immune cells in tumor tissue had varying predictive and prognostic values, and these may aid selection of candidates for immune checkpoint inhibitor.