Kotaki K, et al. - In subjects aged ≥ 50 years, researchers determined how respiratory function, respiratory symptoms, and the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are influenced by exposure to air pollution and cigarette smoke. They screened 433 individuals from Omuta City, Japan (an area with high levels of air pollution), via spirometry and medical questionnaires. A high estimated COPD prevalence rate of 16% was reported for non-smokers. The estimated prevalence rate of COPD was 29% and 37% in seniors (aged 50-74 years) and in the elderly (aged > 75 years), respectively, in a population of smokers. They also noted that levels of suspended particulate matter correlated with COPD. The consequences of smoking or chronic exposure to air pollution (> 5 years) included decreased respiratory function, exacerbated respiratory symptoms, and increased prevalence of COPD. To facilitate early detection of respiratory disease in elderly patients, the investigators strongly advised periodic screening for these subjects.