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Trends in prevalence of diabetes and control of risk factors in diabetes among US adults, 1999-2018

JAMA Aug 29, 2021

Wang L, Li X, Wang Z, et al. - Diabetes' estimated prevalence increased significantly between 1999-2000 and 2017-2018, according to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from US adults. In 2015-2018, only an estimated 21% of adults with diabetes met all 3 risk factor control goals (ie, individualized HbA 1c targets, blood pressure less than 130/80 mm Hg, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level less than 100 mg/dL).

  • Among the 28,143 candidates involved (weighted mean age, 48.2 years; 49.3% men), the estimated age-standardized prevalence of diabetes grew significantly from 9.8% in 1999-2000 to 14.3% in 2017-2018.

  • The estimated age-standardized proportion of adults with diabetes who achieved blood pressure less than 130/80 mm Hg and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels less than 100 mg/dL increased significantly from 1999-2002 to 2015-2018, but not individualized HbA 1c targets.

  • In 2015-2018, 66.8%, 48.2%, and 59.7% of adults with diabetes met individualized HbA 1c targets, had blood pressure less than 130/80 mm Hg, and had a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level less than 100 mg/dL, respectively.

  • Only 21.2% of these adults completed all 3.

  • During the entire study period, young adults aged 18 to 44 years were significantly less likely to achieve these 3 goals (vs older adults ≥ 65 years: estimated proportion, 7.4% vs 21.7%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.32), non-Hispanic Black adults (vs non-Hispanic White adults: estimated age-standardized proportion, 12.5% vs 20.6%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.60), and non-Hispanic White adults (vs non-Hispanic White adults: estimated age-standardized proportion, 10.9% vs 20.6%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.48).

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