Eva LJ, et al. - Researchers sought to present the first evidence of the incidence of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) by etiology over a 27 year period. They reviewed retrospective case-note and pathology slides of 390 consecutive VSCC, who underwent treatment at a Centralized Cancer Centre covering half New Zealand's population, 1990–2016. No significant change in age-standardized incidence of all VSCC was identified, however, there was a significant increase in age-standardized incidence of HPV-dependent VSCC, from 0.55/100,000 in 1991–2000 to 0.83/100,000 in 2001–2016, with a significant decrease in the incidence of HPV-independent VSCC, from 0.76/100,000 to 0.54/100,000. Older women (≥ 50 years) exhibited a significant increase in HPV-dependent VSCC incidence, from 0.75/100,000 to 1.43/100,000. They identified approximately equal proportions of HPV-dependent and independent VSCC. Five-year survival for HPV-dependent VSCC and HPV-independent VSCC is 93% and 68%, respectively. Based on this study, they recommend separating HPV-dependent and independent VSCC in registries and studies.