Pedersen N, Breinbjerg A, Thorsteinsson K, et al. - In a number of children experiencing treatment-refractory daytime urinary incontinence (DUI), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as an add-on to anticholinergic treatment appeared effective in this study.

• This study included 76 children with DUI and overactive bladder refractory to treatment with standard urotherapy and pharmacological treatment.

• All children received TENS as an add-on therapy to the highest-tolerable dose of medicinal treatment in a standardized regime of 2 h a day for around 3 months.

• This treatment strategy resulted in a decrease in wet days per week (from 6.31 to 4.27) and incontinence episodes per day (from 2.45 to 1.43).

• Six months follow-up revealed occurrence of relapse in seven of the 12 complete responders while five remained dry.

• A poor treatment response was predicted by a history of constipation before TENS.