Liu M, Zhu Z, Cui Y, et al. - For patients with positive preoperative urine cultures (UC) who underwent mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) and flexible ureteroscopy (FURS), postoperative procalcitonin (PCT) > 0.1 ng/mL was identified as an independent risk factor of postoperative urosepsis caused by Gram-negative (GN) bacteria rather than Gram-positive (GP) bacteria and fungi.

• Among 356 patients included in this retrospective study, 265 (74.4%) were positive for GN bacteria, 77 (21.4%) for GP bacteria and 14 (3.9%) for fungal pathogens.

• The predominant pathogens were Escherichia coli (48.9%) and the most common GP bacteria were Enterococcus.

• In multivariate logistic regression analysis, there appeared association of positive nitrite, operative time > 90 min and postoperative PCT > 0.1 ng/mL with postoperative urosepsis originated in GN infections, while no correlation of PCT > 0.1 ng/mL appeared with urosepsis caused by GP bacteria and fungi, the only independent risk factor was stone burden > 800 mm².