Liu IT, et al. - A single-blind randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate whether strength or aerobic training can offer significantly more benefits with regards to the activities of daily living of elderly patients with dementia, as well as to determine the effects of exercise on cognition, depression, and biochemical markers. This study include a total of 80 individuals whose scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination were between 15 and 26 were included. Individuals were assigned randomly to perform either strength or aerobic training for a total of four weeks. The Barthel Index was the main outcome measure. The Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Geriatric Depression Scale, plasma monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels, insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were the other outcome measures. While the serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor was additionally enhanced through aerobic training, an intensive four-week exercise program, whether it be the strength or aerobic training, is evidenced to bring significant advantages to elderly individuals with dementia.