Levin G, et al. - The role of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) in the conservative management of tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) was examined via conducting a retrospective cohort study of 91 TOA patients who underwent a trial of conservative management with intravenous antibiotics. Comparison of patients who eventually underwent surgical intervention with patients managed conservatively was done. An invasive intervention was undertaken in 39/91 (42.8%) subsequent to failed antibiotic treatment. Findings revealed an association of elevated CA-125 serum levels with failure of conservative parenteral antibiotic therapy for TOA. This finding should be better evaluated in a prospective manner.