Hemond CC, et al. - In persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), researchers characterized clinical, neuroimaging, and psycho-neuro-immunological associations with the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR). In conjunction with dysregulated adaptive immune processes (denominator), elevated NLR and MLR might represent hematopoetic bias towards increased production and pro-inflammatory priming of the myeloid innate immune system (numerator) and therefore reflect a complementary and independent marker for severity of MS-related neurological disability and MRI results. The diagnosis of progressive disease in MS is strongly associated with a higher NLR (and to a lesser extent MLR). In addition, NLR, but not MLR, is related to self-reported patient outcomes including depression, fatigue, and quality of life and is, therefore, a psycho-neuro-immunological marker.