Métral N, Darling KEA, Locatelli I, et al. - Via this work, researchers assessed patients enrolled in the NAMACO study, an ongoing, prospective, longitudinal, multicentre and multilingual (German, French and Italian) study within the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, for baseline neurocognitive impairment (NCI) prevalence and factors associated with NCI. The NAMACO study is an ongoing, prospective, longitudinal, multicentre and multilingual (German, French and Italian) study within the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Between 1 May 2013 and 30 November 2016, neuropsychologists performed a standardized neuropsychological (NP) assessment on 981 patients ≥ 45 years. Viral loads < 50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL were reported in most patients (942; 96.2%). Findings revealed NCI in 390 patients (39.8%); of these 263 patients (26.8%) had HIV-associated NCI [249 patients (25.4%) had asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment] and 127 patients (13%) had NCI attributable to other factors, mainly psychiatric disorders. The main factors correlated with both HIV- and non-HIV-associated NCI were older age, non-Caucasian ethnicity, shorter duration of education, being unemployed and longer ART duration. Employing two different statistical models, considering NCI as a dichotomized and as a continuous variable, these identified these associations.