Peters BA, et al. - Given a possible contribution of human microbiota to cancer initiation and/or progression at local sites, researchers studied for the relation of the lung microbiota to lung cancer prognosis in this pilot study. They performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on paired lung tumor and remote normal samples from the same lobe/segment in 19 patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Findings revealed a correlation of higher richness and diversity in normal tissue with reduced recurrence-free (RFS) and disease-free survival (DFS), as was normal tissue overall microbiome composition. Increased RFS and DFS were noted in correlation with greater abundance of family Koribacteraceae in normal tissue, whereas reduced RFS or DFS were noted in correlation with greater abundance of families Bacteroidaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae in normal tissue. This study is identified to be the first study demonstrating a potential relationship between the normal lung microbiota and lung cancer prognosis, which requires confirmation in a larger study.