Gong B, et al. - This study was undertaken to explore the mediating and moderating effects of depressive symptoms on the association between cognitive function and activities of daily living (ADL) difficulty in postmenopausal women. Researchers recruited a total of 2,596 postmenopausal women from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study completed the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, basic ADL (BADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) scales, and 10-item Short-Form Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression. It was shown that depressive symptoms mediated and moderated the relationship between cognition and BADL/IADL difficulty in postmenopausal women. IADL may be more sensitive to changes in cognitive function in comparison with BADL. It has been considered that more strength should be put on developing comprehensive intervention techniques focusing on simultaneous intervention of multidimensional cognitive function and depression to maintain and improve the quality of life of postmenopausal women.