Malerbi FK, Dal Fabbro AL, Filho JPBV, et al. - Researchers conducted the study for analyzing the feasibility of smartphone-based retinal photography for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening among Brazilian Xavante Indians and the yield of retinal images. During DR screening at two Xavante Reservations, a non-probabilistic cluster sample of 170 people with and without diabetes were recruited for ocular examination with a portable retinal camera. Only the larger Xavante villages were involved due to operational conditions and to optimize the fieldwork. In total, 157 people had the complete ocular imaging protocol, 95 with diabetes (60.5%). Cataracts and asteroid hyalosis were the main causes of ungradable images. DR's presence in this vulnerable population was greater than in previous studies, calling attention to its prevention. The screening model with a smartphone-based portable retinal camera is feasible, and if combined with telemedicine may improve screening coverage.