Ling J, et al. – Researchers tested the safety and effectiveness of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4-I: sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, vildagliptin and alogliptin) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in this meta-analysis of 58 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 14 treatment arms. Studies were selected via a search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Wanfang Database from inception to April 2018. RCTs were included if they compared the different versions of DPP4-1 with each other or with placebo in the treatment of patients with T2DM. Results showed that DPP4-I have a lowering effect on the glycemic level (hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose), particularly vildaglipti50 twice daily and linagliptin10 once daily (QD), respectively. In addition, linagliptin5QD had the greatest impact on reducing on body mass index. The researchers did not observe any statistical significance with respect to the incidence of adverse events and body weight when DPP4-I were compared with each other or with placebo except for hypoglycemia and upper respiratory tract infection.