Velen K, Shingde RV, Ho J, et al. - The effectiveness of contact investigation vs passive case-detection alone was evaluated and the yield of co-prevalent and incident tuberculosis (TB), and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) was estimated among contacts of patients with TB. Researchers conducted a systematic search identifying 244 studies for data extraction. Of these studies, 187 studies reported the proportion of contacts diagnosed with TB disease and 135 studies determined LTBI prevalence. As per individual randomized trials, contact investigation enhanced TB case notification, TB case detection and reduced mortality and population TB prevalence. Contact investigation was identified to be effective in high-burden settings. Relative to previous reviews, higher pooled prevalence estimates of microbiologically-confirmed TB was reported, which suggests contribution of newer rapid molecular diagnostics to increased case detection.