Gaalema DE, Dube S, Potter A, et al. - Using data gathered from 2013 to 2018 in Vermont, researchers determined whether cardiac rehabilitation (CR) treatment adherence could be predicted by executive function (EF), and how EF interacts with an intervention to improve adherence. This secondary analysis was performed among 112 participants out of 130 Medicaid-enrolled people who had suffered a qualifying cardiac event and were registered in a controlled clinical trial; they were randomized 1:1 to receive financial incentives for completing secondary prevention sessions or to usual care. CR adherence was predicted by delay-discounting, a measure of impulsivity. The interaction of delay-discounting with the incentive intervention was also noted; the benefit from the intervention was derived more by those who displayed greater discounting of future rewards vs those who discounted less. CR adherence was also predicted by better cognitive flexibility, assessed with the trail-making-task. A novel finding was the interplay between an incentive-based intervention to improve treatment adherence and EF, while a link of EF with adherence to a variety of treatment regimens was reported. The importance of taking individual variations in EF into account while planning and executing interventions to improve health-related behavior change was highlighted.