Yong H, Qi H, Yan H, et al. - Researchers performed this prospective study to explore the association between aqueous humor cytokine levels and the prognostic value of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for treating macular edema resulting from retinal vein occlusion (RVO-ME). This investigation involved 47 RVO-ME and 32 senile cataract cases. Aqueous humor collection was conducted in patients with RVO-ME prior to intravitreal ranibizumab injection and in patients prior to cataract surgery. In the aqueous humor, levels of VEGF, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, basic fibroblast growth factor, and tumor necrosis factor-α have been measured. VEGF, MCP-1, IL-8, and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in RVO-ME patients and were positively correlated with ME. Higher VEGF levels were correlated with central retinal thickness recovery, while higher IL-6 levels were related to ME recurrence after ranibizumab treatment.