Bunch TJ, et al. - Researchers examined patients with and without atrial fibrillation (AF) and carotid arterial disease (CD), or a combination of both, to determine the risks of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and dementia. They also investigated if these risks may be influenced by therapies for each disease. A total of 11,572 patients were included in this analysis. Participants were matched by age, sex, and comorbidities and divided into four equal categories (1: no AF or CD, 2: AF, no CD, 3: CD, no AF, 4: AF and CD). According to the findings, the risk of stroke/TIA and dementia in the general population was augmented by CD and AF, and the coexistence of both diseases was determined to be additive in risk. Ablation of AF was linked to lower risk, the significance of which was greater in those with CD.