Ball D, et al. - In this multicenter trial conducted in 11 hospitals in Australia and 3 hospitals in New Zealand, researchers compared stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) to standard radiotherapy for treatment of stage 1 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Adults with biopsy-confirmed stage 1 (T1–T2aN0M0) NSCLC that was diagnosed on the basis of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET—as well as those who were medically inoperable or had refused surgery—were considered eligible for inclusion. All eligible patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 0 or 1, and the peripheral location of tumors. They stratified patients for T stage and operability and, thereafter, randomized them (2:1) to SABR (54 Gy in three 18 Gy fractions, or 48 Gy in four 12 Gy fractions if the tumor was < 2 cm from the chest wall) or standard radiotherapy (66 Gy in 33 daily 2 Gy fractions or 50 Gy in 20 daily 2.5 Gy fractions, based on institutional preference). They found SABR vs standard radiotherapy offered superior local control of the primary disease and did not result in an increase in major toxicity in patients with inoperable peripherally located stage 1 NSCLC. SABR was recommended as the treatment of choice for these patients.