Falfán-Valencia R, Ramírez-Venegas A, Lara-Albisua JLP, et al. - Researchers assessed the accumulative changes in cytokine levels related to biomass-burning smoke (BS) (from wood) vs tobacco smoke (TS) among healthy adult women. They employed 27-Plex immunoassay to evaluate the levels of 27 cytokines in the serum of 100 women, including 40 tobacco smokers/non-exposed to BS (TS+/BS-), 30 never-smokers/exposed to BS (TS-/BS+) and 30 never-smokers/non-exposed to BS (TS-/BS-) as controls. Higher levels of IL-2, IL-9, MCP-1, MIP-1β, and VEGF were detected in TS+/BS- vs TS-/BS-, while higher levels of IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-8, Eotaxin, IP-10, RANTES, and VEGF were observed in TS-/BS+, signifying a different inflammatory profile that may favor an eosinophil-derived inflammatory response to BS exposure. Higher levels of IP-10 and IL-8, but lower levels of IL-2 and MIP-1β, were detected in TS-/BS+ vs TS+/BS-. Changed cytokines in both TS+/BS- and TS-/BS+ were identified to be related to asthma, COPD, lung fibrosis, and lung cancer in gene–disease database analysis. Overall, chronic BS exposure generated distinct systemic inflammatory cytokine changes vs tobacco smokers among healthy women.