Researchers aimed at clarifying the correlation between sleep habits and disorders, and addictions.

• A representative sample of French adults was surveyed in this telephone crossover national recurrent health poll survey (Santé publique France, Baromètre santé, 2017; Questionnaire, pp. 53; Saint Maurice).

• The survey was answered by a total of 12,367 individuals (18–75 years old).

• Short sleep (sleep ≤ 6 hr/24 hr) was more frequent among daily smokers (lightly or heavily dependent) vs occasional smokers and non-smokers.

• Insomnia was more frequent among heavily dependent daily smokers than other smokers or non-smokers.

• No significant association of short sleep and insomnia was observed with the consumption of alcohol, cannabis or any other drug.

• There appeared a significant association of the evening chronotype with the consumption of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis.

• Overall findings suggest the existence of significant relationships between the use of psychoactive substances and sleep characteristics among adults, stressing the necessity to consider each person individually.