Colwill AC, et al. - The six-week clinical outcomes (IUD retention, recognized expulsions, ability to visualize or palpate strings, and need for ultrasound evaluation) were assessed in women who received a TCu380A PPIUD after vaginal (VD) or Cesarean delivery (CD). After CD, women more frequently retained a PPIUD compared to a VD (p<.01). However, compared to a PPIUD placed at the time of a VD, women who have a PPIUD placed after CD were more likely to have non-visible strings with a pelvic exam and undergo pelvic ultrasound evaluation.