Hsu PI, et al. - In this investigation, researchers studied the short-term and long-term effects of reverse hybrid therapy for H. pylori eradication on the components and macrolide resistance of the gut microbiota. For this analysis, H. pylori-related gastritis subjects were administered a 14-day reverse hybrid therapy. At the end of therapy, reverse hybrid therapy resulted in reduced relative abundances of Firmicutes (from 62.0% to 30.7%; P < 0.001) and Actinobacteria (from 3.4% to 0.6%; 0.032), while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased from 10.2% to 49.1%. Findings suggested that short-term gut dysbiosis can result from H. pylori eradication with reverse hybrid therapy. After treatment, the amount of erm(B) gene in the stool increased momentarily and then went back to the pretreatment level 1-year post-treatment.