Chung J, et al. - Researchers investigated gender-associated disparities in the outcomes of surgical management of thoracic aortic disease. Participants were 1653 patients (498 (30.1%) female) who had thoracic aortic surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest between 2002 and 2017. The cases were identified from ten institutions of the Canadian Thoracic Aortic Collaborative. They evaluated in-hospital death, stroke and a modified Society of Thoracic Surgeons-defined composite (STS-COMP) for mortality or major morbidity (stroke, renal failure, deep sternal wound infection, reoperation, prolonged ventilation). Compared to men, less aortic root reconstruction including aortic root replacement, Ross, or valve-sparing root operations was reported in women. Longer cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times were reported in men. A higher rate of mortality, stroke, and STS-COMP was observed in women. Overall, worse outcomes were seen in women after thoracic aortic surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest.