Brunelli SM, et al. - Given a high serum-to-dialysate potassium (K⁺) gradient at the start of dialysis leads to rapid lowering of serum K⁺ and may confer a greater risk of adverse events, researchers performed this retrospective (2010–11) event-based study to analyze the near-term association of K⁺ gradient with clinical outcomes. Study participants were adult Medicare Parts A and B enrollees who received in-center hemodialysis on a Monday/Wednesday/Friday schedule at a large US dialysis organization. Findings revealed an independent association of higher K⁺ gradient with greater risk of all-cause hospitalizations and Emergency Department visits.