Murdaugh DL, Bosworth A, Patel SK, et al. - Given the good documentation of cognitive impairment in survivors of blood or bone marrow transplantation (BMT), researchers here examined the clinical relevance of self-endorsed cognitive problems and their relation to objectively appraised cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment was assessed in 378 BMT recipients (median age, 52.2 years, 40% of whom were female and 68% of whom were non-Hispanic white) as well as in 98 healthy controls at 5 predetermined time points: at baseline (before BMT) and at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years after BMT. More cognitive problems were identified at all time points in BMT recipients vs healthy controls, and a significantly greater rate of change in Neuropsychological Impairment Scale scores was observed in BMT recipients. They observed a correlation of fatigue with greater endorsement of cognitive problems at 1 year after BMT. Overall, a statistically significant, modest correlation was seen between self-endorsed cognitive problems and objective cognitive impairment. They observed association of higher self-endorsed cognitive problems with a 3.7-fold greater odds of not returning to work at 3 years after BMT. These findings suggest the utility of self-endorsed cognitive problems in recognizing vulnerable patient subpopulations for detailed cognitive assessment and possible cognitive remediation.