Airy M, et al. - With an intent to gain insight into the cardiovascular risks of incident atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD), researchers undertook this investigation. They found a robust relationship of AF with increased risks of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) and death. In addition, it was noted that risks were highest soon after AF diagnosis but extended beyond 90 days.