Sebastião YV, et al. - Via a retrospective population-based cohort study of 4,673 children treated across 148 institutions who were 0-18 years of age and who underwent single-stage distal hypospadias repair, the researchers investigated the reoperation incidence and risk factors for reoperation following outpatient distal hypospadias repair in a large, representative sample of U.S. children. At the time of initial repair, most patients were <1 year of age. Post-initial repair, the risk of reoperation was 2.6% and 6.7% at 1 year and at 5 years respectively. None of the patient or institutional factors assessed could be a significant predictor of the reoperation risk. Hence, the predicted 5-year risk of reoperation was 6.7%, following single-stage distal hypospadias repair. Further, most reoperations were observed after the first year, notifying long-term expectations regarding postoperative complications. A shortage of data on the hypospadias severity and surgeon characteristics, and the incapacity to track reoperations outside of the state in which the original repair was conducted were the limitations to this study.