Linnemann DL, et al. - Researchers analyzed toddlers visiting for a check-up or 12-months’ vaccination in primary healthcare clinics of a tropical city, by employing EISL questionnaire (EISL: "International Study of Wheezing in Infants" represents a cross-sectional, population-based investigation, based on ISAAC, which utilizes an established questionnaire on early wheezing and risk/protective factors) about wheezing events in 0-12months' infants with/without atopic background seeking for risk-factors in the tropics. This analysis included 999 toddlers. They found that 31.3% were having any wheeze and 12.1% were suffering from recurrent wheeze (≥ 3 episodes). Smoking, common cold < 3mo of life, mold, kitchen indoors and pets were documented as major risk-factors for atopic wheezing (AW), for which breastfeeding was almost protective. Risk-factors for nonatopic wheezing (NAW) were common cold and pets, and protective factors for NAW were caesarean section, > 1 sibling and breastfeeding >3m. Findings portrayed wheezing as a healthcare burden and revealed likely novel risk-factors for AW, some perhaps unique for tropical climates.