Kao KT, Ferguson EC, Blair G, et al. - Hypocalcemia is a common complication following thyroidectomy that results in raised morbidity. Researchers conducted this review with the aim to determine the predictive factors for hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy in children and adolescents. Comprehensively searching Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library for English language pediatric (≤ 18 years of age) articles, they identified five studies with a total of 477 patients between 0 to 18 years, who had total/subtotal/completion thyroidectomy, for inclusion. Transient hypocalcemia occurred at higher rates than permanent hypocalcemia (transient n = 104, 22%; permanent n = 48, 10%). The pediatric literature yielded no consistent clinical risk factors or preventative methods. Neck dissection, male gender and a lower parathyroid gland remaining in situ score were reported to be linked with hypocalcemia in two single institution cohort studies. However, in two other studies, including one population-based cohort study, it was reported that age at surgery, patient gender, hospital volume, type of thyroid disease, number of identified parathyroid glands, parathyroid auto-transplantation, operation time, thyroid specimen weight, and lymph node dissection were not risk factors for hypocalcemia. Two studies described a possible utility of intraoperative parathyroid hormone in predicting hypocalcemia in children after total thyroidectomy.