Chang Y, Chi KY, Tai TW, et al. - A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed to examine the available literature on risk factors associated with postoperative urinary retention (POUR) following elective spine surgery. Researchers recruited a total of 31,251 patients (POUR = 2,858, no POUR = 28,393) in the meta-analysis. They assessed demographics, type of elective spine surgery, country, the definition of POUR, and potential risk factors for POUR. Researchers carried out searches of the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Medline electronic databases to distinguish relevant studies. They used weighted mean differences or standardized mean differences, with 95% confidence intervals, for meta-analysis of continuous outcomes. The research enrolled eleven studies (2 prospective and 9 retrospectives). It has been reported that older age, male gender, benign prostatic hyperplasia, diabetes mellitus, and a history of urinary tract infection are risk factors for POUR following elective spine surgery. They further observed that longer operative time and increased intravenous fluid support would increase the risk of POUR. In addition, multi-level spine surgery may have a negative effect on postoperative voiding.