Kim YJ, et al. - In this observational, prospectively collected registry-based study, researchers identified predictive risk factors for extended-spectrum b-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) infection causing septic shock in patients with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN). The investigators enrolled consecutive adult chemotherapy-induced FN patients with septic shock who were admitted to the emergency department between June 2012 and June 2018. Of 179 chemotherapy-induced FN septic shock patients, ESBL-PE was isolated in 23 (12.8%). In patients with hepatobiliary cancer, leukemia, and those with profound neutropenia, ESBL-PE infection was often observed in contrast to those with lung cancer and other solid cancers. Multivariate logistic regression showed that profound neutropenia may be an independent risk factor for ESBL-PE infection after adjusting for age, the presence of solid tumor, and the parameters of sepsis severity scores. In chemotherapy-induced FN patients with septic shock, ESBL-PE was rare (12.9%). In chemotherapy-induced FN patients with profound neutropenia, early empirical carbapenem therapy might be considered.