Zhao Y, Lin Q, Liu L, et al. - Researchers undertook this single-center retrospective study to determine features related to the clinical results of acute leukemia (AL) patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) bloodstream infection (BSI) as well as to examine factors related to BSI caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) or carbapenem-resistant strains. In MDR-PA BSI and non–MDR-PA BSI patients, the 30-day death rates were estimated to be 28.9% and 5.5%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, there was an independent correlation of previous use of quinolones and piperacillin/tazobactam with MDR-PA BSI; and independent risk factors for 30-day death were: MDR-PA BSI , perianal infection, pulmonary infection, and age ≥ 55 years. Overall, an increase in death risk because of MDR was evident in PA BSI patients, and findings highlight the importance of previous antibiotic exposure in the development of MDR-PA BSI. Antibiotic resistance and mortality can be attenuated via rational antibiotic use based on local antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical features.