Aggarwal P, Goepfert RP, Garden AS, et al. - In this single-institution cohort study, researchers estimated the cumulative incidence of and identified clinical factors associated with late lower cranial neuropathy (LCNP) among long-term oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) survivors. This investigation involved disease-free adult OPSCC survivors who completed curative treatment from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2013. Among the 2,021 OPSCC survivors involved in the analysis of this cohort study (1,740 [86.1%] male; median age, 56 [range, 28-86] years), 88 (4.4%) were diagnosed with late LCNP, with the median time to LCNP of 5.4 (range, 0.3-14.1) years after treatment. This single-institution cohort study discovered that, despite being uncommon in the general population, the cumulative probability of late LCNP increased to 10% over the survivors' lifespan. Clinical factors associated with LCNP, as expected, primarily reflected increased tumor burden and treatment intensity. Further research into risk-reduction strategies, as well as surveillance and management strategies for this disabling late effect of cancer treatment, is required.