Aggarwal P, Goepfert RP, Garden AS, et al. - In this single-institution cohort study, researchers estimated the cumulative incidence of and identified clinical factors associated with late lower cranial neuropathy (LCNP) among long-term oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) survivors. Disease-free adult OPSCC survivors who completed curative treatment from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2013, were included. Among the 2,021 OPSCC survivors involved in the analysis of this cohort study (1,740 [86.1%] male; median age, 56 [range, 28-86] years), 88 (4.4%) were diagnosed with late LCNP, with a median time to LCNP of 5.4 (range, 0.3-14.1) years after treatment. This single-institution cohort study found that, while uncommon in the overall population, the cumulative risk of late LCNP increased to 10% over the lifetime of the survivors. As predicted, higher tumor burden and treatment intensity were primarily expressed by clinical factors associated with LCNP. In order to explore risk-reduction strategies as well as surveillance and management strategies for this disabling late effect of cancer treatment, more efforts are required.