Bischof N, Wehmeier C, Dickenmann M, et al. - Researchers conducted a retrospective single-center study examining the influence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus and CMV replication/disease on long-term outcomes in a well-defined cohort of 599 consecutive kidney transplantations having a CMV prevention protocol consisting of either prophylaxis (D+/R− and R+ with ATG induction) or screening/deferred therapy (R+ without ATG induction). They categorized patients according to CMV serostatus [high risk (D+/R−): n = 122; intermediate risk (R+): n = 306; low risk (D−/R−): n = 171] and occurrence of CMV replication/disease (no CMV replication: n = 419; asymptomatic CMV replication: n = 110; CMV syndrome: n = 39; tissue-invasive CMV disease: n = 31). During the median follow-up time of 6.5 years, they identified no differences in graft and patient survival among the three CMV serostatus groups as well as among the four CMV replication/disease groups. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model revealed no independent predictive value of either CMV serostatus, or CMV replication, or CMV disease for patient death or graft failure, respectively. This suggest that current diagnostic/therapeutic management can largely eliminate the negative impact of CMV infection on the long-term patient and allograft survival as well as on allograft rejection.