Remond P, et al. - Performing this retrospective study of 57 patients with non-arteritic AION (N-AION) and 57 matched controls, researchers sought to ascertain the pathophysiology of non-arteritic AION (N-AION). A complete ocular examination was performed and 45-degree funduscopic color photographs were taken in all patients and control subjects. They used VAMPIRE (Vessel Assessment and Measurement Platform for Images of the Retina), a software tool for efficient semi-automatic quantification of the retinal vasculature morphology in fundus camera images, to measure the widths of the six largest arteries in zone B (between 0.5 and 1 optic disc diameter from the optic disc), summarized by the central retinal artery equivalent, the widths of the six largest veins in zone B, summarized by the central retinal vein equivalent, the arteriole-to-venule ratio, tortuosity and fractal dimension. As per outcomes, N-AION and control patients differed in retinal vascular parameters, especially during the acute stage of the disease. At the resolution stage, same parameters normalized.