Gopinath B, et al. - The cross-sectional link between a variety of retinal vascular geometric variables (tortuosity, branching, and fractal dimension) and the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure was studied among 1,680 participants presenting to a tertiary referral hospital for the evaluation of potential coronary artery disease by coronary angiography in the Australian Heart Eye Study (AHES). After multivariable adjustment, researchers found that development of AF was 92% more likely to be seen among participants in the second tertile of fractal dimension (D_f) vs those in the highest tertile (reference group). They noted greater odds of having AF among participants below vs those above a D_f threshold value of 1.472. No association of measures of retinal tortuosity and branching with AF was identified. Also, there was no link between heart failure and retinal vascular geometric variables. Overall, these data showed an independent association of a sparser retinal microvascular network (lower D_f) with greater likelihood of AF.