Bambini BBM, Moysés RMA, Batista LCD, et al. - Researchers investigated whether a distinct presentation of restless legs syndrome (RLS), with a higher prevalence of periodic limb movements of sleep (PLMS), can be seen in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis. They found a lower amount of N3 sleep and REM sleep, irrespective of the presence of RLS, in patients on dialysis vs controls (those with a normal renal function). Higher PLMS was seen in patients on dialysis with RLS. A lower ferritin level was detected in patients with RLS in the control group but not in those in the dialysis group. A significant interaction between PLMS and ESRD was evident, with patients with ESRD on dialysis exhibiting a higher prevalence of PLMS in a model adjusted for apnea and hypopnea index (AHI), sex, arousals, and age. RLS, ESRD, and AHI were identified as factors related to PLMS, with an adjusted R² of 0.321. In patients with ESRD on dialysis, an independent link of RLS with PLMS was evident, irrespective of the severity of sleep apnea, arousals, and age.