Paes B, et al. - In this investigation, researchers assessed respiratory illness (RIH) and respiratory syncytial virus-related hospitalization (RSVH) risks in children with a congenital airway anomaly (CAA) vs those prophylaxed for standard indications (SI) and serious medical disorders (SMD) via an observational study on children < 2 years who received ≥ 1 dose of palivizumab across 32 Canadian institutions from 2005 to 2017. Study participants included 25,003 (1,219 CAA, 3,538 SMD, and 20,246 SI). They found that children with CAA had a 1.6-2.3 fold higher risk of respiratory hospitalization and RSVH vs those prophylaxed for standard, approved indications and serious medical disorders. It was noted that RSVH risk in children aged < 2 years with either upper or lower airway anomalies was comparable. CAA children need careful monitoring during the respiratory syncytial virus season, and prophylaxis might be appropriate.