D'Andrea S, et al. - Authors evaluated the correlation of the levels of reproductive hormones, scrotal colour Doppler ultrasound (CDU) and seminal parameters in subfertile men, before and after varicocele repair (VR). Data demonstrated an association of the improved sperm parameters with the disappearance or reduction in spermatic venous reflux (SVR) and not with changes in the levels of reproductive hormones after spermatic vein sclero-embolisation (SVE). Therefore, the only predictor of improved sperm quality after VR in subfertile males was SVR change at CDU.