Dabija DI, et al. - Using large statewide in-patient and emergency room databases, researchers evaluated practice patterns for operative and non-operative treatment of proximal humeral fractures, as well as reported on complications, readmissions, in-hospital mortality, and need for surgery after initial treatment of proximal humeral fractures in California, Florida, and New York. In total, 134,411 patients were treated for a proximal humeral fracture in California (2005–2007), Florida (2005–2010), and New York (2008–2010). The authors discovered that 90.3% of patients had non-operative treatment. Regardless of treatment, there was a relatively high all-cause mortality in hospital. The study provides valuable information on the need for revision surgery after initial treatment gave the recent discussion on operative vs nonoperative treatment for proximal humeral fractures. Differences in rates of revision surgery were low in magnitude between non-operatively treated patients with ORIF and arthroplasty. ORIF had the lowest likelihood of needing follow-up surgery at 9 years of follow-up and arthroplasty had the highest.