Best MJ, McFarland EG, Thakkar SC, et al. - In 2011, implementation of the largest US federal action plan to date for reducing racial disparities in health care was done that continues till date. Researchers conducted this case-control study using national inpatient data from 2012 to 2017 with the aim to determine if this program, along with other initiatives, is linked with a reduction in racial disparities in the use of major surgical procedures in the US. They analyzed nine major surgical procedures previously identified to have racial disparities in rates of performance between White and Black adult patients (including angioplasty, spinal fusion, carotid endarterectomy, appendectomy, colorectal resection, coronary artery bypass grafting, total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, and heart valve replacement). Findings revealed persistence of racial disparities in the use of surgical procedures for all 9 analyzed procedures and worsening of the disparities was noted for 3 of the analyzed procedures. They identified these disparities irrespective of US census division, hospital teaching status, or patient insurance status. These findings highlight the necessity for renewed initiatives to improve health care equality.