Al Biltagi M, Bediwy AS, Toema O, et al. - In the present study, the researchers sought to assess lung function and induced sputum levels of interleukin (IL)‐6 in Bahraini children and adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) and explore their connection with the recurrence of acute chest syndrome (ACS). Participants in the study were 139 children and adolescents with SCD and 123 healthy children (control group). According to age and history of ACS, patients were further stratified. Patient and control groups had pulmonary function tests (PFTs), including spirometry and assessments of lung volume, diffusion of carbon monoxide (DLCO), and induced sputum IL‐6 levels. According to results, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁), force vital capacity (FVC), FEV₁/ FVC, total lung capacity, DLCO, and DLCOc (ie, hemoglobin‐corrected DLCO) were significantly lower, on the other hand, residual volume and sputum IL‐6 levels were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. Pulmonary function was found to deteriorate with progression of the disease, and it worsened with older age and frequent incidence of ACS. The levels of induced IL‐6 sputum represented the degree of lung inflammation in affected patients and were associated with more impairment in different PFT parameters.