Relative to the general population, adolescents conceived with assisted reproductive technique (ART) are not at risk of poor psychiatric health, except for an increased risk of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) that could be explained by disparities in parental characteristics.

• In this long-term follow-up of a Swedish birth cohort of 1,221,812 children, researchers focused on the risk of psychiatric disorders in adolescents and young adults conceived with ARTs and assessed the role of treatment-related parental characteristics.

• An increased risk of OCD (hazard ratio, 1.35) was present in adolescents conceived with ARTs vs all other children.

• Those conceived with ARTs had no elevated risk of any other types of anxiety, depression, or suicide compared with all other children.

• OCD risk no longer existed in comparison with children born to couples with infertility.

• No association was found between the type of fertilization (standard in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection) and outcomes.

• Relative to non–ART-conceived children of couples with infertility, fresh, but not frozen, embryo transfer was identified to be linked with a lower risk of mood disorders, making frozen embryo transfer seem less beneficial when directly compared with fresh embryo transfer.