Deye N, Nguyen P, Vodovar N, et al. - Researchers undertook this prospective single-center study to investigate whether protein-S100B (PS100B) could predict more accurately outcome in the early phase of cardiac arrest (CA) relative to other current biomarkers. A total of 330 adult comatose non-traumatic successfully resuscitated CA patients, managed with targeted temperature management but not extra-corporeal life support, were examined. Experts sampled lactate, pH, creatinine, NSE, and PS100B in ICU early following return of spontaneous circulation corresponding to admission (Adm). For outcome prediction at 3-month, the best AUC of ROC curves was displayed by PS100B-Adm, vs other biomarkers, while AUC for lactate-Adm was identified to be higher than for NSE-Adm. Relative to patients with reduced PS100B values over time, a rising PS100B value between admission and H24 was found to be significantly related to poor outcome at 3 months. In multivariate analysis, independent predictors related to poor outcome at 3-month were: no-flow, initial non-shockable rhythm, PS100B-Adm, lactate-Adm, pH-Adm, clinical seizures, and absence of therapeutic hypothermia. Overall, early PS100B, vs other biomarkers, was shown to be independently correlated with outcome post-CA, with an interesting added value.